Potential Tsunami Threat in Spain

In a recent study by Unesco’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC/Unesco), experts have highlighted the hypothetical risk of a tsunami in Spain, particularly within the next 30 years. The last major tsunami struck Cadiz in 1755. According to the ‘Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard in the Mediterranean Sea’ report, there is an almost 100% probability of a tsunami exceeding one meter in height occurring in the Mediterranean within the next three decades. However, the likelihood of such a tsunami significantly impacting Spain is lower, albeit still possible.
Southern Spain, including Andalucía and Murcia, is identified as a high-risk area due to the convergence of the African and Eurasian tectonic plates, which results in high seismic activity. The Canary Islands also face risks due to their volcanic origin, demonstrated by the 2021 eruption on La Palma.
In case of an earthquake, tsunami waves could reach up to six meters and hit the coast within 21 to 35 minutes, giving the population a narrow window to evacuate. The Spanish National Geographic Institute (IGN) monitors seismic activity and potential tsunamis using sensor networks and buoys, providing early warnings to mitigate humanitarian catastrophes.
Andalucía has a specific tsunami protocol, including a risk study and a Local Action Plan. The region has the first approved Emergency Plan for Tsunami Risk in Spain. High-risk areas include the Gulf of Cadiz and the Alborán Sea. The Averroes fault in the Alborán Sea is particularly critical, with potential six-meter waves reaching the coast in 21 to 35 minutes following an earthquake.
The report emphasizes the urgent need for a Mediterranean-wide tsunami warning system, given the high likelihood of a significant tsunami within the next 30 years.