Geometrical Complexity Shapes Earthquake Behavior

Brown University Researchers Uncover Crucial Role of Fault Geometry in Earthquake Dynamics
A new study by researchers at Brown University has revealed that the geometry of fault networks, including misalignments and complex structures, plays a significant role in determining the likelihood and intensity of earthquakes. This discovery challenges the traditional focus on friction at fault lines as the primary factor.
Published in the journal Nature, the research indicates that the alignment of fault networks critically influences where and how strong an earthquake will be. Lead author Victor Tsai and his team argue that complex geometries within fault zones, such as bends and gaps, contribute to unstable behaviors leading to earthquakes. Conversely, more aligned fault zones facilitate smooth sliding, known as creep, without causing quakes.
The study utilized mathematical modeling and analyzed data from California’s fault zones, including the San Andreas fault, revealing that regions with greater fault misalignment experienced stronger ground motions and more intense earthquakes. This new understanding may eventually enhance earthquake prediction models, although further validation beyond California is required.
The research was supported by the National Science Foundation and included collaboration with scientists from the University of Nevada Reno.